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Culinary Explorer
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Salsa de Chile de Agua
Created by
An Oaxacan table salsa from the Valles Centrales, built on the heirloom chile de agua, charred on a comal with tomate verde and garlic, ground rough in the molcajete and eaten the same day.
Sauces & Condiments
Mexican
Weeknight
Quick Meal
15 min
Active Time
10 min cook•25 min total
YieldAbout 1 1/2 cups, enough for 6 to 8 at the table
This salsa is from Oaxaca. Specifically from the Valles Centrales, the high valleys around the capital where the chile de agua is grown and where, outside that small geography, you will not find it. Etla, Tlacolula, Ocotlan, Zaachila. The chile is named for the irrigation it demands and the moisture it carries. It does not travel well, it does not dry well, and it does not exist in most US markets. If you do not live in Oaxaca or have a vendor who imports from there, you may never taste this salsa the way it is meant to taste, and that is part of the truth of Mexican regional cuisine. Cada estado, su propia cocina, and within Oaxaca, this salsa belongs to one valley.
The chile de agua is pale green, broad-shouldered, thin-skinned, and it carries a heat that arrives clean and leaves quickly. It is not the heat of a habanero or a manzano. It is sharp and immediate. The senoras at Mercado 20 de Noviembre will tell you the salsa needs nothing more than chile, tomate verde, garlic, salt, and lime. No cilantro. No cumin. No olive oil. The chile is the dish and everything else is there to frame it.
My mother never made this salsa. Jaliscienses do not have chile de agua. The first time I tasted it I was twenty-three and a senora named Dona Eustolia in Tlacolula put a molcajete down in front of me with the salsa still warm from the grinding. She told me to eat it with a fresh tortilla and nothing else. No me vengas con atajos. The blender does not make this salsa. The molcajete does. The grinding releases the seeds and bruises the skins and gives the salsa a texture you cannot get any other way. Saber cocinar es saber vivir.
The chile de agua (Capsicum annuum var. 'de agua') is an heirloom landrace cultivated almost exclusively in the Valles Centrales of Oaxaca, with documented production dating to the colonial period and probable pre-Columbian roots in the same microregion; outside Oaxaca it has no commercial cultivation of consequence. Unlike most Mexican chiles, it is consumed only fresh and never dried, because its thin walls collapse and lose flavor when dehydrated, which is why it has remained a regional rather than national ingredient. The salsa itself follows the older Mesoamerican molcajete tradition of roasted-and-ground sauces, a technique that predates Spanish contact and survives essentially unchanged in Oaxacan home kitchens, where the volcanic stone mortar remains the daily tool, not the museum piece it has become elsewhere.
The technique, the tradition, and the story behind every dish.
Discover Culinary ExplorerIngredients
fresh chile de agua
Quantity
6
stemmed (do not seed)
tomate verde (tomatillos)
Quantity
4 medium
husked and rinsed
garlic cloves
Quantity
3
unpeeled
white onion
Quantity
1/4 medium
finely chopped
fresh lime juice
Quantity
2 tablespoons, or to taste
sea salt
Quantity
1 teaspoon, plus more to taste
cold water (optional)
Quantity
2 tablespoons
only if needed to loosen
| Ingredient | Quantity |
|---|---|
| fresh chile de aguastemmed (do not seed) | 6 |
| tomate verde (tomatillos)husked and rinsed | 4 medium |
| garlic clovesunpeeled | 3 |
| white onionfinely chopped | 1/4 medium |
| fresh lime juice | 2 tablespoons, or to taste |
| sea salt | 1 teaspoon, plus more to taste |
| cold water (optional)only if needed to loosen | 2 tablespoons |
Equipment Needed
- •Cast iron comal or heavy seasoned skillet for dry-roasting
- •Volcanic stone molcajete with tejolote (pestle)
- •Tongs for turning chiles on the comal
Instructions
- 1
Heat the comal
Set a dry comal or heavy cast iron skillet over medium heat for five minutes until it is evenly hot. No oil. The chile de agua is meant to char on dry metal, not fry. If your comal is too hot the skin blackens before the flesh cooks and the salsa turns acrid. Medium, patient, even.
A well-seasoned comal that has years on it gives the chile a steadier roast than a brand-new pan. If you have one, use it. Asi se hace y punto. - 2
Roast the chile de agua
Lay the chiles on the comal whole, stems still attached at this point if you like. Turn them with tongs every minute or so. You want the skin blistered and spotted with black, not uniformly burned. The flesh underneath should soften and the chile should give a little when you press it. About six to eight minutes total. The kitchen will smell green, sharp, vegetal. That is the smell of chile de agua and it is unlike any chile you have roasted before.
- 3
Roast the tomate verde and garlic
Push the chiles to a cooler edge of the comal and add the husked tomate verde and the unpeeled garlic. The tomatillos should char in patches and start to slump and release their juice, about five to seven minutes, turning once. The garlic skins will toast and the cloves inside will soften. Pull each ingredient as it is ready. Nothing roasts at the same speed and nothing forgives you for forgetting it.
- 4
Rest and peel
Move the chiles to a bowl and cover with a plate or a clean kitchen cloth for five minutes. The trapped heat finishes loosening the skins. Peel the garlic. Stem the chiles now if you have not already. Do not rinse the chiles or the tomatillos. The char is the flavor. Water washes it down the drain.
- 5
Grind in the molcajete
Drop the garlic and salt into a volcanic stone molcajete and grind to a rough paste. Add the chiles and work them down with the tejolote until the flesh breaks open and the seeds release into the salsa. Add the tomate verde one at a time, crushing each one against the stone. You are looking for a salsa with body, not a puree. Some seeds, some flecks of charred skin, some pieces you can still recognize. La cocina no es decoracion, es trabajo.
If you do not have a molcajete, pulse the salsa in a blender three or four times only. Do not let it run smooth. A pureed salsa de chile de agua is a different dish, and not a better one. - 6
Finish with onion and lime
Stir in the chopped white onion and the lime juice. Taste. The salsa should be hot, bright, and a little sweet from the chile itself. Adjust salt. If it is too thick to spoon, loosen with a tablespoon of cold water at a time. Let it sit for ten minutes so the onion mellows and the flavors find each other. Serve in the molcajete itself. Eat it the same day. Chile de agua loses its character overnight, and there is no point pretending otherwise.
Chef Tips
- •Chile de agua is the dish. If you cannot find it, the closest substitute by texture and heat is fresh chile guero or a young chile manzano with the seeds reduced, but understand you are making a different salsa. Do not call it salsa de chile de agua. A substitution is a compromise, not an upgrade.
- •Do not seed the chiles. The seeds carry heat and texture and they belong in the salsa. Seeding chile de agua robs the salsa of half of what makes it itself.
- •Eat it the same day. Chile de agua does not hold. By the next morning the salsa flattens, the brightness is gone, and you have something that tastes like a tired cousin of what you made the night before. This is a salsa that respects the calendar.
Advance Preparation
- •The chiles, tomate verde, and garlic can be roasted up to two hours ahead and held at room temperature, covered, until you grind the salsa.
- •The salsa itself does not keep. Make it within an hour of serving and finish what is in the molcajete by the end of the meal.
Frequently Asked Questions
Nutrition Information
1 serving (about 55g)
Calories
25 calories
Total Fat
0 g
Saturated Fat
0 g
Trans Fat
0 g
Unsaturated Fat
0 g
Cholesterol
0 mg
Sodium
330 mg
Total Carbohydrates
4 g
Dietary Fiber
1 g
Sugars
2 g
Protein
1 g
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